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| Lorentz image showing rectification phenomenon of vortices (Niobium; 6.9 K and 15 Oe) Red dots represent vortices pinned at artificial pinning centers, forming ratchet channels. Blue dots represent unpinned vortices. The blue vortices trapped in the pocket area inside the wedged cages in the upward channel show preferential upward movement with increasing magnetic field. |
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